Refereeing


Basic Referee Signals:

  Goal scored – Ball enters the goal. The team scored against restarts play from the center of the court with both teams in their own halves.
  Goal line throw – When the ball goes out of play at the end of the court and the attacking team or their equipment was the last to touch the ball. The defending teams gets the ball.
  Corner throw – When the ball goes out of play at the end of the court and the defending team or their equipment was the last to touch the ball. The attacking team gets the ball.
  Side-line throw – When the ball goes out of play at the sides of the court. The team that touched the ball last with their body or equipment loses possession. The attacking team gets the ball.

Illegal Stuff

  Illegal possession – A player must pass or dribble the ball once every 5 seconds. They cannot place the ball on their boat and paddle.
  Illegal use of the paddle – A player is not allowed to use their paddle within arms reach of the opposition or strike the ball.
  Illegal hold or obstruction – A player cannot inhibit the movement of the opposition with their hands or paddle, or otherwise hold onto their equipment to gain advantage. A player cannot paddle to block another player’s movement outside of the six meter areas, unless they are going for the ball.
  Illegal kayak or hand tackle – When a player tackles with their boat they must maintain contact, and when they tackle with the hands they must use one open hand to the side of the upper body. A player must have the ball or be able to reach it on the water to be tackled (be in possession).

 Penalties

  Penalty shot – For a dangerous or professional foul during a shot or any foul that stops a near certain goal. The penalty shot is taken 6m from the goal with no defense (all other players must be in the other half of the court).
  Free shot – For anything foul on a player who has possession of the ball that is not a penalty shot. The free shot is taken from the point of the foul, or where the ball was when the foul occurred, or where the ball lands if it was in the air at the time of the foul. The shot can be taken directly at goal.
  Green (warning), yellow (2 minute sendoff) or red (rest of game sendoff) cards – Cards can be given for any foul in conjunction with any of the above penalties. Generally a yellow card is given for any professional foul.